JSMARTech: Journal of Smart Bioprospecting and Technology

Comparative Insilico Analysis of RuBisCo Proteins of Green, Red, and Brown Seaweeds

Thangaraj M — 2025-04-28

In this study, Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) was selected from three seaweeds such as Ulva lactuca (Green algae), Gracilaria edulis (Red algae) and Sargassum fusiforme (Brown algae) to predict the physicochemical characters, secondary and 3-D structure properties using appropriate bioinformatics tools. The result showed that, the least percentage amino acid was Cys (0.8%) occurred in G. edulis and the highest percentage of amino acid was Gly (10%) in U. lactuca. Three amino acids such as Lys, Ser and Trp were more or less in same percentage in all the three seaweeds. The maximum molecular weight (MW) was predicted as 54.11 KDa in G. edulis. As per the theoretical pI, the proteins were acidic in nature in all the three seaweeds and the values ranged from 5.62 to 5.98. The instability index (II) values for this protein was 27.05, 29.11, 37.38 in S. fusiforme, G. edulis and U. lactuca respectively which shows the protein was stable. GRAVY value was found to be -0.110, -0.127, and -0.263 which indicated that the protein was hydrophilic and water-soluble. The secondary structure of this protein primarily composed of α-helixes and β-sheets, revealing the stable structure. The modeling of the 3-D structure of this protein was performed by Swiss model and the model was validated by PROCHECK and QMEAN. The results of this study may provide valuable insights into fundamental characteristics of RuBisCO proteins in different seaweeds.

Phylogenetic study of Genus Scomberomorus based on cyt b gene in the north and south coast of Java, Indonesia

Laurentia Henrieta Permita Sari Purba — 2025-04-28

Indonesia possessed megabiodiversity especially in marine animals. As the highly commercial commodities, the understanding for species distribution of Spanish mackerel and seerfish (Scomberomorus spp.) plays a key role for their sustainability. Thus, the aim of this study was to map the species distribution of Scomberomorus spp. in Java surrounding waters. We collected 10 specimens from 4 landing sites in northern and southern coast of Java. Using partial cytochrome b gene fragment (~400 bp), we characterized the gene and haplotype diversity as well as the phylogenetic relationship. Three species of mackerel and seerfish were found in Java coastal line. The genetic differences Scomberomorus sp. ranged from 0 to 14%. By this study, we provide useful data that can be utilized as biodiversity monitoring. In addition, we confirmed that cythocrome b were effective for future application in fishery management and product authentication of mackerel in Java and surrounding areas.

Antimicrobial Activity and Metabolite Profiles of Begonia multangula Blume from Cibodas Botanical Garden and Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, Indonesia

Nyoman Ayu Niken Pertiwi — 2025-04-28

The resistance of microorganisms requires innovation in finding for alternative natural substances with antimicrobials properties. One of the plants reported to have antimicrobial potential is the plant Begonia multangula Blume. The purpose of this study was to examine the antimicrobial activity and metabolite profiles of ethanol extracts from the leaf and petiole of B. multangula originating from Cibodas Botanical Garden (KRC) and Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS). Ethanol extracts of B. multangula leaf and petiole from KRC and TNGHS at a concentration of 100 mg/ml were tested for their antimicrobial activity against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Candida albicans using the disk diffusion method. Tetracycline 100 mg/ml and fluconazole 50 mg/ml were used as positive controls, and aquadest as a negative control. The metabolite profile compounds were obtained by GC-MS analysis. The results of the study showed that the highest antimicrobial activity was found in the leaf extract of B. multangula from KRC, with an average inhibition zone of 13,5 ± 1,73 mm against S. aureus and 10 ± 0,08 mm against C. albicans, which categorized as moderate. The most highly detected antimicrobial metabolites in the leaf and petiole extracts of B. multangula from KRC were Hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester. Furthermore, the major compound found in the B. multangula from TNGHS, was Neophytadiene and n-Hexadecanoic acid in leaf and petiole. These findings suggest that B. multangula has the potential to be developed as a natural antimicrobial agent in the future

Plant Morphology, Paradermal Anatomy, and Leaves Metabolite Profiles of Rhododendron multicolor Miq. from Cibodas Botanic Garden, West Java, Indonesia

Devy Janisca Shalihi — 2025-04-28

Rhododendron multicolor Miq. exhibits distinctive morphoanatomical characteristics and various bioactive compounds with medicinal and horticultural potential. Numerous studies indicated Rhododendron species are widely utilized as medicinal and ornamental plants, owing to their diverse phytochemical profiles and distinctive morphoanatomical characteristics. However, comprehensive studies of the morphoanatomy and leaves metabolite profile of R. multicolor are still limited globally, as well as its minimal utilization by local communities, highlighting a significant knowledge gap. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the morphology, paradermal anatomy, and metabolite profile of young leaves and mature leaves of R. multicolor. Morphoanatomy characteristics were analyzed descriptively, anatomical features were analyzed using specific formulas, and metabolite profiling was analyzed using qualitative phytochemicals and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The result shows that R. multicolor is a shrubby plant characterized by funnel-shaped flowers in a vibrant red hue, along with narrowly elliptic, scaly leaves. The scales are stellate lobed irregularly with lower density than stomata; the epidermis is polygonal to irregular that has a higher density compared to stomata. The results of the qualitative phytochemical test of Rhododendron multicolor are that it contains phenols, flavonoids, Mayer alkaloids, Bouchardat alkaloids, Dragendorf alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. Based on GC-MS analysis of young leaves and mature leaves of R. multicolor, a total of 31 metabolite compounds from 21 compound groups were identified, with the major compound being squalene from the terpenoid group, which has the potential to be an antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, and cardioprotective.

Considering Bali's Agricultural Policies in Implementing the Development of MDA-Path Analysis

Sasi Wilujeng Sri Rejeki — 2025-04-28

The agricultural sector plays a vital role in Bali’s economy, culture, and food security, particularly in rice production. However, challenges such as land conversion and fluctuating farmer incomes have led the Bali government to implement various agricultural policies. Farmers' welfare is a critical factor in ensuring national food security, as prosperous farmers can improve production and maintain food stability. This study employs Discourse Network Analysis (DNA) to identify key factors affecting farmers' welfare in Bali and integrates MDA-Path Analysis to examine the relationships between exogenous variables and farmers' economic conditions. A mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative) is used to explore farmers' inclusivity and validate the MDA-Path Analysis model. Data is collected through in-sample validation using surveys conducted among farmers who are members of farmer groups in Bali. The results of this study indicate that human resource quality has the most significant impact on farmers' welfare, followed by price volatility and ease of technology use. The MDA-Path Analysis model demonstrates high classification accuracy, as reflected in sensitivity values exceeding 80%, confirming its effectiveness in distinguishing between different income and welfare categories. These findings provide valuable insights for strategic policy-making, enabling data-driven decision-making to enhance farmers' welfare and economic stability in Bali.

Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): JSMARTech Volume 6, No 1, 2025

Fatchiyah, M.Kes., Ph.D — 2025-04-28