JSMARTech: Journal of Smart Bioprospecting and Technology

A Virtual Inhibition of Anti-diabetic Activity of Bioactive Compounds in Harp (Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. f.) Merr.)

Elvina Rashida Khairi — 2023-10-31

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) has increased worldwide over the last 3 decades. This prompted the researchers to consider the medical benefits of plants, including harp (Sandoricum koetjape). In Indonesia, harp is a common medicinal herb used to cure fever, colic, vaginal discharge, diarrhea, and bloating. harp also contains substances like flavonoids, tannins, or quinones that have anti-diabetic properties. This study aims to determine the potential compound from the harp plant in inhibiting the breakdown of sugar using molecular docking to minimize the buildup of sugar in the blood. Bioactive compounds of harp were obtained from earlier studies and collected from KNApSAcK database. The physicochemical properties of the compounds were analyzed by using SwissADME and PASS Online. Using the CB-Dock server and the receptors α-amylase and α-glucosidase retrieved from RCSB PDB, along with acarbose as a control, the selected compounds were examined for their molecular interactions and binding affinities. Molecular interactions were visualized using Biovia Discovery Studio 2019. The result showed that three compounds were discovered to show potential as antidiabetic medicines out of the 54 active compounds that were screened using SwissADME. Those three compounds are sandorinic acid A, sandorinic acid B, and quercetin with the absolute value of free binding energy ranging from -7.2 to -9.6 kcal/mol. By targeting residues found in amylase and glucosidase, sandorinic acid A, sandorinic acid B, and quercetin have binding sites that are similar to acarbose. The three bioactive compounds quercetin, sandorinic acid a, and sandorinic acid b that are found in harp are expected to have the potential to be agents of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Phylogenetic Analysis of UreABC Protein in Ureolytic Bacteria as Self-Healing Agent in Concrete

Amalia Danti Safa Audia — 2023-10-31

Concrete is one of Indonesia's most widely used materials in infrastructure development because it is strong enough to withstand pressure, adaptable, and has relatively low maintenance costs. Bacteria are potential agents that can be used to close cracks in concrete. Therefore, this research is aimed to determine which bacteria can produce the enzyme urease based on constructing a phylogenetic tree, the ability to produce spores, and the characteristics of ureolytic bacteria. This study used four sequences of ureolytic bacteria that code for ureABC, namely Bacillus, Clostridium, Pseudomonas, and Enterobacter, with Micrococcus terreus as the outgroup. The four bacterial groups with outgroups were aligned and phylogeny constructed using the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method with 1000 replication and grouped based on genetic distance in MEGA-X software. Then further screening was carried out based on the ability to form endospores and the characteristics of ureolytic bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the bacterial groups Bacillus, Enterobacter, Clostridium and Pseudomonas have a fairly close kinship, the construction is based on proteins, genus, cell shape, gram characteristics, and habitat. The ureolytic bacteria group predicted to have the highest potential as a biomaterial agent comes from Bacillus sp. and Clostridium sp. due to its ability to form endospores. Ureolytic activity is indicated by an increased pH value and urea degradation activity due to ammonification with Bacillus sp. having a pH of 6.0-8.0. In contrast, the pH value of Clostridium sp. is unknown because further research is needed in vitro.

In Vitro Screening of Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Mold Extract from Mango Mistletoe Leaves (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) miq)

Nafisa Nafisa — 2023-10-31

Endophytic microbes live in plant tissues and can be extracted to obtain active compounds. One conserved endophytic microbes is endophytic mold, found in plant tissue systems, such as leaves, flowers, branches, and plant roots. The endophytic mold was obtained from the mango parasite (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq), a parasitic plant that contains secondary metabolites. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial properties of the endophytic mold isolates extract from mango parasite leaves against Escherichia coli. This research used an experimental method with descriptive quantitative data analysis. The research began with the purification of endophytic mold isolates, production of bioactive compounds, extraction of bioactive compounds, and determination of antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method. The results obtained from this study included four isolates containing antibacterial compounds, including isolates DBM 1, DBM 2, DBM 3, and DBM 4. Extracts of the endophytic mold of mango parasite leaves showed quite good inhibition of the growth of Escherichia coli, with the results of measuring the diameter of the largest inhibition zone of 13.17 mm, which was produced by isolate DBM 1 at a concentration of 75 ppm. Based on the results of antibacterial activity tests on endophytic molds from the leaves of the mango parasite (Dendrophtoe pentandra (L.) Miq), isolates of endophytic fungi can be used as antibacterial agents in the medium renewable category.

Antimicrobial Activity of Tobacco Flower Extract (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in Various Solvent

Lina Oktavia Rahayu — 2023-10-31

Tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) are known to contain secondary metabolites that function as antimicrobials. But thus far only the leaves, roots, and stems have been utilized. The research aimed to determine antimicrobial activity of tobacco flower extract in various solvent. The tobacco flowers were extracted used ethanol, methanol, and N-Hexane solvents. The extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans by dilution method. The results showed that ethanol and methanol extracts of tobacco flowers had a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 32% and a Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 64% against S. aureus and C. albicans. As for the N-Hexane extract of tobacco flowers, it has MIC value of 64% and MBC of 64% against C. albicans. In conclusion, tobacco flower extract in ethanol, methanol, and N-hexane solvent have potential functions as antimicrobial agents.

Virtual Prediction of Phytosterol Compounds from Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) As Inhibitor for Interleukin-6 (IL-6) to Prevent Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease

Azis Mawardi — 2023-10-31

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease in which the joint area is inflamed which results in swelling, pain and often causes damage to the inside of the joint. Rheumatoid Arthritis is characterized by decreased Interleukin-6 (IL-6), so that Interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitors are needed. This strategy is convincing for controlling RA. Pegagan have to play role in overcoming the problem of joint inflammation. Phytosterols are compounds that are commonly found in pegagan and include antioxidants that are beneficial for health. This study aims to determine the mechanism pathway of pegagan's active compounds in the treatment of RA. This study used an in silico approach by analyzing target proteins and active compounds of pegagan through Lipinski rule of five and molecular docking analysis. This study used 3 phytosterol compounds including campesterol. β-sitosterol. and stigmasterol. The control used in this study was the tartaric acid compound whose receptor molecule was interleukin-6 (IL-6) with PDB ID: 1-ALU. The results of the Lipinski rule analysis found that all the test compounds used met the criteria and could be applied as drugs. Based on the results of molecular docking, stigmasterol has a good binding affinity value and is able to exceed the control compound with the highest binding affinity with score of -6.4 kcal/mol. Visualization results show that there is an interaction formed between the active compound and the target protein so that phytosterl compounds have a role that can be an alternative medicine in the prevention and treatment of RA.

Front Matter JSMartech Vol.04., No.02

Fatchiyah Fatchiyah — 2023-10-31